How is the term "specific gravity" used in urinalysis?

Specific gravity in urinalysis is defined as a measure of the concentration of solutes in urine. It quantifies the density of urine compared to the density of water. This measurement is crucial because it reflects how well the kidneys are concentrating urine, which can provide insights into a patient's hydration status, kidney function, and the presence of various substances.

When a person is adequately hydrated, urine tends to have a lower specific gravity, indicating it is more dilute. Conversely, a higher specific gravity suggests that urine is more concentrated, which can occur in cases of dehydration or certain medical conditions where the kidneys are conserving water. By assessing specific gravity, veterinarians and clinicians can gather important diagnostic information that aids in treatment decisions and understanding underlying health issues.

While other measurements, such as pH or glucose levels, are also integral parts of urinalysis, they serve different diagnostic purposes and do not relate directly to the concentration of solutes in urine in the same way that specific gravity does.