Urine volume in animals is influenced by which of the following?

The correct answer indicates that urine volume in animals is influenced by multiple factors, including both fluid and food intake, as well as external losses.

Fluid intake plays a significant role because the amount of water an animal consumes directly affects kidney function and urine production. Increased water intake typically results in a higher urine volume, as the kidneys work to excrete the excess fluid.

Food intake also impacts urine volume because the composition of the diet can influence water retention and excretion. Certain foods, particularly those high in moisture or salt content, can affect how much water an animal needs to process and ultimately excrete.

Additionally, external losses such as sweating, breathing, and even moisture loss through the skin can change overall water balance, thereby affecting urine volume. When an animal loses water through these means, it may concentrate its urine and decrease overall volume.

Thus, the interaction of these factors—fluid intake, food intake, and external losses—collectively influences urine volume, making the comprehensive option the most accurate response.