What condition is characterized by excessive ketones in the blood?

The condition characterized by excessive ketones in the blood is ketoacidosis. Ketones are produced when the body breaks down fat for energy, a process that occurs typically when glucose is in short supply, such as in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or during prolonged fasting. In ketoacidosis, the accumulation of ketones leads to a significant acid-base imbalance, resulting in a decrease in blood pH, which can have serious effects on cellular function and overall health.

The term ketosis refers to a metabolic state where ketone bodies are produced in sufficient amounts but do not cause the same level of acidosis as observed in ketoacidosis. This state can occur during low-carbohydrate diets and is not necessarily harmful. Ketone body metabolism describes the process of producing and utilizing ketones but does not define a pathological condition. Hypoglycemia refers to low blood sugar levels, which is a different metabolic state and does not directly relate to the presence of ketones.