What is proteinuria?

Proteinuria refers to the presence of abnormal levels of protein in urine, indicating that the kidneys may not be functioning properly. Under normal circumstances, the filters in the kidneys prevent significant amounts of protein from entering the urine. When these filters are damaged or compromised, proteins such as albumin, which are typically retained in the bloodstream, can leak into the urine.

The detection of protein in urine can be an important diagnostic marker for various conditions, including kidney disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Monitoring protein levels can help assess renal function and guide treatment decisions for underlying health issues.

In contrast, the other choices indicate different urine abnormalities: glucose presence in urine suggests glycosuria, which is often associated with diabetes. Blood in urine, or hematuria, can indicate bleeding in the urinary tract. Increased urine output, or polyuria, can occur in various conditions, including diabetes insipidus and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Each of these conditions has its implications, but they do not pertain specifically to protein levels in urine, which is the key aspect of proteinuria.