Which of the following is a physiological cause of glucosuria?

Glucosuria refers to the presence of glucose in the urine, which can occur due to various physiological conditions. In this context, stress is considered a physiological cause of glucosuria. When an animal experiences stress, such as from illness, intense exercise, or environmental changes, the body responds with a surge in hormones like cortisol. Cortisol can lead to increased blood glucose levels, which may exceed the renal threshold for glucose reabsorption in the kidneys, resulting in glucosuria.

This physiological response emphasizes the body's attempt to prepare for a 'fight or flight' situation, where increased energy availability, signified by higher blood glucose, is necessary. If blood glucose levels become elevated sufficiently to overwhelmed the renal capacity for glucose reabsorption, it will end up in the urine, manifesting as glucosuria.

In contrast, diabetes mellitus is a pathological condition rather than a physiological one, where chronic glucosuria occurs as a result of persistent hyperglycemia. Nephritis, an inflammation of the kidneys, can impair their filtration and reabsorption abilities but is not a physiological response to stress. Hematuria involves the presence of blood in urine and does not directly relate to glucose levels, thus is not a cause of glucosuria at