Which part of the urine sediment examination is used to identify crystals or stones?

The microscopic examination is crucial for identifying crystals or stones within urine sediment. During this part of the examination, urine is centrifuged to concentrate the sediment at the bottom of the tube, which is then resuspended and analyzed under a microscope. This allows for the visualization of crystals, which can vary in size, shape, and color, as well as any minerals that may form stones. The identification of these substances is important as they can provide insights into metabolic conditions or underlying health issues affecting the patient.

In contrast, macroscopic examination focuses on assessing the overall appearance of the urine, such as color and clarity, rather than the fine details required to identify crystals or stones. The centrifugation process is primarily a technique to separate components of the urine but does not involve direct observation or identification of crystals. Chemical dipstick analysis is used to assess the chemical properties of urine, such as pH, protein levels, or specific gravity, rather than structural analysis, which is needed for identifying crystalloid substances. Thus, microscopic examination is the standardized method for recognizing and diagnosing crystals or stones in urine sediment.